Information about the history of Switzerland

Switzerland’s geographical position with its transit routes over the Alps made it a desirable possession for European great powers through the ages.

Switzerland developed slowly over many centuries, as more and more regions came together to form a loose confederation whose members gave each other mutual support. At times their different interests stretched the bonds between them almost to breaking point.

It was only in 1848 that Switzerland became a more centralised federal state. This favoured its economic development and ended any possibility that Switzerland might break up.¨

General information

Swiss geography played a vital role in its history, particularly the mountains. Switzerland has always interacted with its neighbours, at peace and at war.

Prehistory to Romans

In prehistoric times people built lakeside settlements on stilts, including the Celtic settlement at La Tène. The Romans built towns and brought the Latin language.

The Alamans to the Holy Roman Empire

Germanic peoples brought a new language, and Christianity took root. Dynastic families grew stronger. The land was cleared, trade eventually revived. The Gotthard route was opened up.

Middle Ages

The Swiss Confederation was founded and grew as new members joined or land was seized. The Confederates seized independence from the nobles, including the Habsburgs.

The Reformation

The spread of Protestantism, spearheaded by Zwingli and Calvin, led to war, but failed to split the Confederation. Bern occupied Vaud, Savoy gave up Geneva.

The 17th Century

Swiss independence was formalised after the 30 years war, where it remained neutral. After the war the peasants revolted. Catholics and Protestants fought the two Villmergen Wars.

The 18th Century

A period of economic change and intellectual excitement, ended with the French occupation, and the formation of the Helvetic Republic under Napoleon. Territory was lost and gained.

The Federal State

Switzerland gradually modernised. After the Sonderbund War, the Federal State was established in 1848. Industry, trade and agriculture developed, but many people emigrated.

The 20th Century

The political system opened up, and people gained more rights. Switzerland stayed neutral in the First and Second world wars, but later joined some international organisations.